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How To Diff Two Files

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The edit-script problem

Line-level diffs are the default because most code and text-based formats are line-oriented. A diff that says “line 42 was replaced” is usually precise enough for code review. Line-level diffs break down when a single long line changes: you see the whole line as removed and the whole line as added, which obscures the actual edit. Long YAML values, minified JavaScript, and single-line SVG documents all have this problem.

Unified diff format

Side-by-side diffs show the old content in one column and the new content in the other, with aligned lines and highlighted changes. This is the view most IDE diff tools default to because it matches how humans compare things visually. Unified is more compact and better for narrow terminals or for reading a patch file; side-by-side is better for full-file review. Some tools offer a three-column view that adds a common-ancestor column for merge conflicts.

Context diff format

Line granularity

Word and character granularity

Side-by-side view

Three-way merge

Structured diffs

When to use git diff

Patience diff and histogram diff

Common mistakes

Run the numbers