File Formats You Actually Need To Know
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Document formats
“What file formats do I actually need to know about?” gets asked weekly on r/learnprogramming and r/computerscience. The honest answer: maybe 20 formats cover 95% of everyday usage. The rest are historical curiosities or domain-specific.
Image formats: PNG, JPG, SVG, WebP, AVIF (the differences explained)
This guide is the practical taxonomy: the formats you’ll actually encounter, what they’re for, and the real differences between similar-looking ones (PNG vs JPG vs SVG, for example).
Data formats: CSV, JSON, XML, YAML
Each image format optimizes for something different:
Audio + video formats
Quick reference:
Archive + compression formats
Audio/video conversion on this site is intentionally limited — proper transcoding needs FFmpeg, which is too heavy for browser-only.
Converting between rare file formats
For unusual or domain-specific formats: